Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Investigation
PROVIDES A UNIQUE PLATFORM COVERING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Investigation
PROVIDES A UNIQUE PLATFORM COVERING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
Himanshi Pawar*
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
Correspondence to: Himanshi Pawar, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
Received date: June 03, 2021; Accepted date: June 18, 2021; Published date: June 24, 2021
Citation: Pawar H. (2021) Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): A Short Communication. doi: 10.52916/jcbi21406
Copyright: ©2021 Pawar H. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Infection, Organ, Bladder, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Nocturia, Pain.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is the body's drainage system for urination. It includes: Kidneys-Organs that filter waste from the blood and produce 1 to 2 liters of urine per day. The ureters-Tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. Bladder-The organ that stores urine. The urethra-A tube at the bottom of the bladder that allows urine to pass out of the body. Most UTIs are caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, other types of pathogens, such as viruses and fungi, can also cause UTIs [1]. There are different types of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) depending on the destination of the bacteria. A lower Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria enter the urethra and settle in the bladder-this is called cystitis. An infection that travels through the bladder and onto the kidneys is called pyelonephritis [2].
Symptoms of a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) may include: pain or burning sensation when urinating (dysuria), needing to urinate more often than usual at night (nocturia), urine that is cloudy, dark, or has a strong odor, needing to urinate suddenly or faster than usual, need to urinate more often than usual blood in your urine, pain in the lower abdomen or pain in the back just below the ribs, high temperature or feeling of heat and chills, very low temperature below 36°C . Children with a UTI may also: have a high temperature-your child is warmer than usual if you touch their neck, back or belly, often appear sick-infants and young children may be irritable and may not feed or eat properly, wet the bed or get wet, sick. In people who are elderly, have problems with memory, learning, and concentration (such as memory loss), and who have ear catheters, symptoms of a UTI may also include: behavior changes, such as acting agitated or confused (delirium), getting wet (urinary incontinence) worse than usual, new chills or tremors (chills) [3].
A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is probably not a good time. But there are some antibiotics that can cure a UTI [4]. Doctors may prescribe different antibiotics depending on whether the UTI is simple or complex. The type of antibiotic, dose, and duration of treatment prescribed by the doctor will depend on the person's medical condition and the bacteria present in the urine culture. For example, treating a complicated UTI can take 7 to 14 days and requires broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics and hospitalization [1]. Most patients with an uncomplicated UTI will begin treatment without any special diagnostic tests, although urinalysis can be performed by taking a urine sample. During a urinalysis, the chemical composition of the urine is determined and the doctor can check the color and clarity of the urine and view the sample under a microscope. A urine culture may also be required, but is not always necessary to start treatment. Urine cultures can identify the specific bacteria causing UI in more complicated cases or when treatment has failed [2].
Not all antibiotics can treat a UTI, but there are some effective options. Some of them are: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin), Fosfomycin (Monurol), Amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate (Augmentin), cefdinir (Omnicef), or cephalexin (Keflex), Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) or levofloxacin (Levaquin) and Doxycycline. Most antibiotics can cause stomach upset such as nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea. If you have severe diarrhea or diarrhea that lasts for 2 days or more, tell your healthcare provider. Diarrhea is a common side effect of antibiotics and soon after they are finished. However, in some cases, antibiotic-associated diarrhea can be a sign of a more serious infection caused by C. diff bacteria. Some people are also sensitive to antibiotics, which can cause minor reactions like hives or more serious reactions like anaphylaxis. If you notice difficulty breathing or major skin changes after taking antibiotics, seek immediate medical attention [3].
